PJB-2017-131
ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF LEAVES OF FOUR FICUS SPECIES FROM DISTRICT BHIMBER AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
SHEHZAD AZAM, MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ, MEHWISH MAQBOOL, WAHEEDA MUSHTAQ, HAROON MEHMOOD, AZHAR AZAM AND MUHAMMAD SHAHZAMAN
Abstract
Ficus genus has medicinally important plant and being used by indigenous communities of Azad Kashmir. In this research, some taxa of Ficus (F. bengalensis, F. carica, F. sermentosa, and F. semicordata) were analyzed to investigate their antimicrobial potential. In antibacterial analysis three strains viz: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested using negative and positive controls. For antimycotic studies three fungi taxa: Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans were used in compatible with both type of control set up for comparison. In analysis, plant samples were extracted by maceration method using four solvents Petroleum Ether (P.E.), Chloroform, Methanol and water. Two methods viz: Agar Well Diffusion Method and Micro dilution method. Methanol was proved to be the best solvent with highest %age yield. Highest zone of inhibition (ZI) was found for methanolic extract of lead of Ficus bengalensis against S. aereus with 22.3±0.65 mm and AI: 0.94. For fungi maximum ZI was 25.3±0.60 mm against C. albicans. In Ficus bengalensis extracts; most resistant bacterial strains was P. aeruginosa with MBC of 93.5±0.30 µg and most resistant fungus was A. flavus with MFC of 108.6±1.12µg. Among F. carica extracts best ZI was 20.5±0.55 mm and AI of 0.93 agaisnt P. aeruginosa whilst for antimycotic analysis MFC was 51.4±0.60 µg found for F. solani. In analysis of macerates of F. sermentosa; highest ZI (19.7±0.55 mm) was found for E. coli and ZI of 23.1±0.66 mm for C. albicans for methanolic extract. In its extracts, best MBC was 86.9±0.30 µg agaisnt S. aereus and MFC with 95.5±0.85 µg for F. solani. For extract analysis of F. semicordata, good ZI was explored for S. aereus with 19.5±0.80 µg and for fungus activity it was found that methanolic extract had highest ZI (21.3±0.45 mm) for A. flavus. In this plant activity tests, it was found that best MIC (40.5±0.60 µg), MBC (39.5±0.25µg) for E. coli and MFC (99.6±0.55 µg) F. solani. Out all analyzed taxa; methanolic extract of F. bengalensis was found to be best for antimicrobial dose of medication with least MBC and MFC followed by macerates of and F. semicordata. This research reveals that Ficus bengalensis and F. semicordata are more effective agaisnt bacteria and fungi than leaf extracts of Ficus carica and F. sermentosa. The current findings might be useful for preparation of herbal recipes or allopathic medicines by pharmaceutical industries to cure resistant gaining microbes. This will culminate into alternative medicine development by indigenous pharmacopeia for cure of these pathogens with drugs having no-side effects, synergistic in action and easy to purchase.
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