PJB-2025-1546
Deciphering the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in alleviating flooding stress in diploid and tetraploid volkamer lemon rootstocks
Hafiz Hayat Ullah, Muhammad Sohail, Momna Hayat, Sikandar Hayyat, Ishaq Ahmed Mian, Zeeshan Yasin, Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Nadeem Shah, Sajjad Hussain and Amal Mohamed Algarawi
Abstract
Flooding stress is an important environmental constraint that greatly affects the growth and productivity of plants, particularly in citrus orchards. The rootstock genotypes and the symbiotic associations with beneficial soil bacteria, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), play a crucial role in determining how plants react to abiotic stimuli. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the specific responses of diploid and tetraploid citrus rootstocks to flooding stress and AMF inoculation. This study investigates the physical, physiological, and biochemical responses of diploid and tetraploid volkamer lemon citrus rootstocks to flooding stress. It specifically focuses on the impact of the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) on these responses. The findings suggest that the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances the resilience of both diploid and tetraploid plants to flooding stress, with tetraploid plants exhibiting superior performance. Differences in physical attributes, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the impact of antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species, amount of soluble proteins, and profiles of phenolic components have been observed between diploid and tetraploid citrus rootstocks. HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds of leaf samples revealed 10 phenolic acids and one flavonoid i.e., quercitrin. However, the concentrations of quercetin and gallic acid significantly differed between AMF-inoculated tetraploid (4x) and AMF-inoculated diploid (2x) volkamer lemon citrus rootstocks under severe flooding stress. Overall, results depicted that tetraploid citrus rootstocks are more resistant than diploid rootstocks under flooding stress, and incubation of AM fungi further increases their efficiency of resistance against flooding conditions.
To Cite this article:
Ullah, H.H. M. Sohail, M. Hayat, S. Hayyat, I.A. Mian, Z. Yasin, G. Murtaza, M.N. Shah, S. Hussain and A.M. Algarawi. 2025. Deciphering the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in alleviating flooding stress in diploid and tetraploid volkamer lemon rootstocks. Pak. J. Bot., 57(6): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2025-6(6)
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