PJB-2025-1538
Chrysanthemum indicum growth and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum enhanced by the application of basil as soil amendment
Mohammed A. Al-Yafrasi, Fahed A. Almana, Omar A. Basudan, Mahmoud Hosni El_Komy, Anwar H. Sharafaddin and Hosam O. Elansary
Abstract
Chrysantheumum spp. is considered as one of major ornamental and medicinal plants in the Mediterranean and middle east regions. The fungal infections by Fusarium oxysporum are important biotic stress that limit the production of this crop. Therefore, the current study investigates the application of 5 % (w:w) dried Ocimum basilicum L (basil) as soil amendment to F. oxysporum ARF1 or ARF2)-infected C. indicum plants. The fungal strains ARF1 and ARF2 were isolated from local infected plants and identified by sequencing of ITS rDNA and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1α) genes. The essential oil GC/MS analysis in the soil amended with basil showed a reduction of monoterpenes (e.g. linalool, geraniol and cineol) and sesquiterpenes and an increase in sesquiterpenes (e.g. caryophyllene). The visual disease assessment of F. oxysporum ARF1 or ARF2) in C. indicum plants grown in the amended soil had significant lower disease index compared to those with non-amended soil. Plants inoculated with F. oxysporum ARF1 or ARF2) and grown in the amended soil showed higher plant height, branch number, fresh and dry weights, root length, flowers per plant, total chlorophyll, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and leaf stomatal conductance, compared to plants infected by fusarium and grown in non-amended soil. The positive effects of the application of basil as soil amendment on the fungal infections by F. oxysporum ARF1 or ARF2) in C. indicum are attributed to multi-mechanisms, including biotic stress tolerance and physiological regulation. This study demonstrated the novel application of basil leaves as soil amendment as biotic stress ameliorant in fusarium infected C. indicum plants
To Cite this article:
Al-Yafrasi, M.A., F.A. Almana, O.A. Basudan, M.H. El_Komy, A.H. Sharafaddin and H.O. Elansary. 2025. Chrysanthemum indicum growth and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum enhanced by the application of basil as soil amendment. Pak. J. Bot., 57(5): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2025-5(15)
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