PJB-2025-1536
The effects of organic fertilizers as a fraction substitute to chemical fertilizers on rice yield and quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial diversity in soil
Bing Hao, Man Zhang, Hongzhi Min, Qingqin Shao, Cece Qiao, Jikai Liu, Xinwei Li, Luis Alejandro Jose Mur, Wang Jian Fei, Lantian Ren and Shimei Wang
Abstract
With the implementation of China’s zero-growth policy for chemical fertilizer application, increasing attention has been directed toward exploring organic fertilizers as partial substitutes for chemical fertilizers. This study investigated rice cultivation under four fertilization regimes: conventional chemical fertilization (CK) and organic fertilizer substitution at 10% (T1), 20% (T2), and 30% (T3) of total chemical fertilizer equivalents. Key findings include: (1) Comparised with CK, the T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased rice yields by 6.22%, 9.06%, and 4.68%, respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution significantly improved grain quality through reduced chalkiness (8.78%-19.49%), decreased amylose content (9.56%-12.95%), and increased protein levels (10.06%-17.29%), collectively enhancing palatability. (2) Seasonal greenhouse gas (GHG) emission patterns showed treatment-independent consistency, but cumulative emissions varied with substitution ratios. Notably, T2 and T3 achieved 10.84% and 25.92% reductions in GHG intensity (GHGI) respectively compared to CK, indicating effective emission mitigation. (3) Organic amendments significantly altered soil microbial community structure. Dominant phyla across treatments included Proteobacteria (8.85%-10.51%), Acidobacteria (10.16%-33.82%), Bacteroidetes (10.82%-71.38%), Chloroflexi (17.05%-22.70%), and Patescibacteria (212.15%-308.41%), The precise mechanisms underlying these microbial-mediated emission processes require further investigation. These findings demonstrate that 20% organic substitution (T2) optimally balances yield enhancement (9.06%) with environmental sustainability (11.00%), providing an effective strategy for green agricultural development in rice production systems.
To Cite this article:
Hao, B., M. Zhang, H. Min, Q. Shao, C. Qiao, J. Liu, X. Li, L.A. Jose-Mur, W.J. Fei, L. Ren and S. Wang. 2025. The effects of organic fertilizers as a fraction substitute to chemical fertilizers on rice yield and quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial diversity in soil. Pak. J. Bot., 57(4): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2025-4(36)
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