PJB-2019-960
Use of Flora as Bioindicators for Environmental Pollution-A Review
Humaira Aslam
Abstract
For human well-being, basic compulsion is a healthy environment that is constantly and directly affected by progressive anthropogenic activities. Because of the direct and continuous interaction of air, water and soil with living organisms, contamination in these constituents of environment is considered imperative. Lichens and mosses do not comprise a well-established root system and they accumulate trace element present in atmosphere by using ion exchange technique. On the other hand, due to the risk related to immersion of impurities and their lack of obtainability around the globe, sampling of mosses and lichens is rather challenging and necessitates experts. As a consequence of such limits, there is a need to use other bioindicators for the assessment of health of environment. For several decades, plants are commonly considered as the bioindicators of air pollution in environment. Because of high profusion, convenient sampling and treatment methods, higher plant and trees are more frequently considered as bioindicators. Leaves and barks of trees have ability to act as the monitors in ecological contaminations. Tree leaves have unique capability to confine dust particles which may comprise heavy metals released from numerous anthropogenic activities or natural sources. To evaluate toxic metals, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur in environment, trees are attracting great attention. Keeping in view above mentioned points, current review compile comprehensive information about the existing plants that can show sufficient potential as the bioindicators for the evaluation of ecological contaminations.
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