PJB-2019-127
IMPROVEMENT OF WHEAT QUALITY AND SOIL FERTILITY BY INTEGRATES CHEMICAL FERTILIZER WITH BIOFERTILIZER
Trifa Dhahir Saber
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center in Erbil, during winter season 2017 - 2018, to study the effect of three levels (30, 60, 90kg/donum) of NPK fertilizer, five species of Rhizobial inoculation (Control, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, Bradyrhizobium Mungbean, Mesorhizobium ciceri and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli), two species of wheat (Triticum aestivum cultivar Hawler2 and Triticum durum cultivar Seminto) and their combination on leaf (Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium, Calcium and Iron)contents, soil (Total Nitrogen, available Phosphor, available Potassium and available Iron) contents, leaf (Auxin, Gibberellin and Cytokinin) contents, grain number.plot-1, weight of 1000 grain(g), grain yield kg/ha, biological yield kg/ha and harvest index% by using complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replication. Rhizobial inoculation individually increased significantly all tested parameters of growth. Generally, Triticum durum significantly surpassed Triticum aestivum in most traits under study. The combination effect of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer was more evident than that of chemical fertilizer alone for all mentioned traits. The combination of chemical fertilizer, biofertilizer and wheat species had a synergistic effect and improved leaf (N,P,K,Ca and Fe) contents, fertility of soil, phytohormone concentration in leaves and yield components. The finding indicated that the combination between the lower levels of NPK fertilizer with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli inoculation for Triticum aestivum increased grain yield by 97.62% over the control. We recommend using Biofertilizer in combination with lower levels of NPK to reduce chemical fertilizer dose and improving yield production and soil fertility.
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