PJB-2018-853
PYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTICANCER AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDEMIA ARGUN
Ibrahim Bayoumi Abdel-Farid
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of three parts (leaves, male parts and fruits) of Medemia argun were evaluated. Secondary metabolites contents showed significant difference among the evaluated parts. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) classified the three parts into three groups based on their metabolomic profiling and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of their extracts. The first group is the leaves which was characterized with higher contents of carbohydrates, flavonols, TAC, and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The second group is the fruits and was characterized with higher contents of saponins, flavonoids, phenolics and tannins. The third group is the male parts and was characterized with higher content of anthocyanins. The highest content of secondary metabolites particularly in leaves and fruits was reflected on the DPPH radical scavenging activity and consequently on the IC 50 of their extracts. Leaves and fruits extracts showed the lowest IC 50, followed by male parts extract (62.8, 78.9 and 134.4 µg/ml), respectively. In addition to the evaluated secondary metabolites such as total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, saponins, tannins and anthocyanins, individual polyphenols were also determined by HPLC which revealed the dominance of rutin, spigenin-7-glucoside, vanillic, rosmarinic acids and kaempferol in leaves. p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, syringic, sinapic, cinnamic acids and chrysin were the dominant polyphenols in male parts extract. Ferulic acid, lutiolin and apigenin were the dominant polyphenols in fruits extract. Plants extracts under evaluation showed very strong cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Even the three parts showed very strong cytotoxic activity, male parts extract showed prominent cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, whereas leaves extract showed more prominent activity against A549 (IC50 was 0.587 and 1.038 µg/ml), respectively. Leaves and fruits extract showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative bacteria). Male parts showed moderate antibacterial activity only against B. subtilis. No extracts affected the growth of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The biological activity of M. argun will be discussed in the light of secondary metabolites content in the plant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study concerning the biological activity of M. argun.
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