PJB-2018-714
USING CEMCEM LEAVES ( SPONDIAS PINATA KURZ) IN BALINESE ETHNOBOTANY AS MEDICINAL HERB: A BOTANICAL, ECONOMIC AND ETHNOMEDICAL STUDY
DEWA KOMANG TANTRA
Abstract
This research was aimed at studying the use of cemcem ( Spondias Pinata Kurz), a wild plant, as economical and medical valued food ( Tantra and Rasna, 2017: 106 ; Rasna and Tantra , 2017: 189) to optimize the ethnobotanical function for economic development (Sukara, 2007: XV). The population was cemcem leaves in Balinese ethnobotany and Balinese community. The sample consisted of cemcem leaves and Balinese people who consisted of one medicinal herb (jamu) maker, 50 traders ( from swalayan /self-service shops, minimarkets, shops, stalls, 10 street vendors , 64 consumers , 8 people from each regency and municipality. The sample of Balinese people was selected using a stratified sampling technique with the total of 125 people. The economical botanical data were elicited through in-depth interviews and photography. The ethnomedical data were collected by content analysis, indepth interviews, and laboratory test. The data were processed using descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of economical botanical study showed that the use of cemcem which was learned from usadha ( traditional medicinal) knowledge resulted in a high economic value ( Rp 700,000 for medicinal herb makers, Rp 200,000 for peddlers, and between Rp 75,000 and Rp 200,000 for merchants /day) . An ethnomedical study using shamans as sample and ushada showed that cemcem leaves can be used to treat diabetes and goiter. The result of a laboratory analysis of loloh cemcem ( herbal drink from cemcem leaves) to test the total of bacteria using plate total count showed that : 1) the total number of bacteria = 1.0 x 102 , the criterion ≤ 104/g; 2) mildew / leveaned = 1.1 x 102 , the criterion ≤ 1 x 10 3/g ; 3) staphylococcus aureus = negative, the criterion = negative; 4) salmonella sp = negative, criterion = negative. The contents were 1) protein = 0.4061; 2) fat = 0.6227; 3) carbohidrat = 8.3503; 4) coarse fiber = 0.6746; 5) vitamin C = 20. 6783; and sugar total content = 0.6202. The test of loloh cemcem for metal content ( pb) showed that pb = 0.026, the criterion ≤ 10 mg /l , meaning that in terms of Pb, loloh cemcem is safe for consumption ; the test for cadmium ( Cd) showed that the Cd content = 0.016, the criterion = 0.3 mg/ l, meaning that in terms of Cd loloh cencem is safe fo consumption. Similarly, for Arsen (As) and Mercury (Hg) there were no As and Hg being detected. The criterion for As < 5 mg/ kg and Hg ≤ 0.5 mg/ kg. Thus, loloh cemcem is safe for consumption
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