PJB-2025-241
Organic Amendments Improve Rock Phosphate Solubilization and Promote Maize Growth under Alkaline Soil Conditions
Noor Us Sabah
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability in alkaline soils is often limited due to fixation and precipitation into insoluble forms. Rock phosphate (RP) is a natural P source, but its effectiveness in such soils is constrained. This study investigated the effects of two RP types red (RPR) and brown (RPB) applied alone or in combination with filter cake press mud (FCP) or poultry manure (PM), on P availability and maize (Zea mays L., Pioneer) growth under alkaline soil conditions. Treatments included RP alone or combined with FCP or PM, plus nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) at recommended rates. A control (N and K only) was included. After 4 weeks of soil incubation, soil pH was measured, and maize was grown in pots containing 10 kg of amended soil. At harvest (60 days after sowing), plant growth parameters and P-related soil and plant traits were assessed. Application of RP alone slightly reduced soil pH, increased total and available P, and enhanced plant growth compared to the control, but had minimal effect on organic carbon. Co-application of FCP or PM with RP further decreased soil pH and significantly improved soil organic carbon, P availability, and maize growth. Among the organic amendments, FCP had a stronger effect than PM. In conclusion, combining RP with organic amendments—especially filter cake press mud—can enhance P availability and uptake by improving soil chemistry, offering a sustainable strategy for managing P nutrition in alkaline soils.
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