PJB-2025-110
Exploring Genetic Diversity in Brassica Genotypes for Low Erucic Acid and Glucosinolate Levels: Insights from SSR Markers
Dr. Shamsa Kanwal
Abstract
The development of chinese mustard (Brassica juncea) and canola (Brassica napus) cultivars with low erucic acid and glucosinolate content is a primary objective for plant breeders. This study aimed to identify genotypes with reduced levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. We examined 20 Brassica juncea and 30 Brassica napus genotypes, measuring phenotypic traits such as oil content, erucic acid percentage, and glucosinolate content.
For the molecular analysis, DNA was extracted and amplified using four SSR markers: sS1702, Ra3E05, Na10C01, and sR7178. High polymorphism was observed reflecting substantial genetic diversity. Among these markers, Ra3E05 demonstrated the highest polymorphism with a PIC value of 0.861.
A dendrogram was constructed using R software, revealing several major clusters. The major allele frequency across the 50 genotypes ranged from 0.52 to 0.79. Notably, genotype BN-003 exhibited the highest major allele frequency of 0.79 but had the lowest PIC value of 0.2743, indicating least polymorphism and genetic diversity in this genotype.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed using R-software to explore the relationships between genotypes and their traits, as well as to assess inter-trait correlations. The biplot revealed a negative correlation between glucosinolate content and erucic acid levels. Additionally, seed oil content showed a negative correlation with erucic acid and glucosinolates. Of all the 50 genotypes, BN-003 recorded least amount of erucic acid 0.05%, whereas, the genotypes “Super canola” and “BN-013” recorded lowest GSLs 24 μmol/g with high oil percentage 42.25% and 40.93% respectively. These genotypes can be used in the future breeding programs for low erucic acid and glucosinolates content.
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