PJB-2025-86
Phytochemical analysis, biological screening, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of some selected medicinal plants of Gilgit Baltistan.
Saad Abdullah
Abstract
Humans have appreciated medicinal plants with therapeutic applications throughout history because they contain multiple bioactive compounds. This research identifies how medicinal plant resources help the pharmaceutical sector develop modern pharmaceutical compounds. The studied plant extracts using methanol were subjected to phytochemical content evaluation in addition to tests measuring antioxidant ability and antimicrobial properties along with enzyme inhibition tests and cytotoxic effects. Artemisia siversiana extract had the highest Total Phenolic Content at 53.8 ± 0.19 µg GAE/mg extract but Capparis spinosa contained the most Total Flavonoid Content at 41.6 ± 0.41 µg QE/mg extract and Total Antioxidant Capacity at 211.2 ± 0.42 μg AAE/mg extract. Paganum harmala demonstrated the maximum capacity in Total Reducing Power measurement reaching 198 ± 0.15 μg AAE/mg extract. The bacteria susceptibility tests measured the antibacterial properties against five resistant strains and two non-resistant strains. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibitory activity was acknowledged in Artemisia siversiana and Thymus vulgaris L. The highest zone of inhibition for antifungal activity was observed in Thymus vulgaris L at 12mm but Artemisia brevifolium and Delphinium brunonianum each measured 10mm in diameter. Acantholimon lycopodioides demonstrated the strongest role as antidiabetic plant because it inhibited Alpha-amylase by 76.7% at an IC50 value of 9.8 μg/ml. The examined proteins demonstrated their greatest inhibitory effect in Artemisia siversiana (8mm) and Artemisia brevifolium (7.5mm). Tests evaluating cytotoxic effects demonstrated Paganum harmala exhibits a vital LD50 value of 29.4 micrograms per milliliter against the brine shrimp population. Under testing conditions Aconitum heterophyllum demonstrated the strongest capability to break red blood cells (74.3 ± 0.57 µg/ml). The research reveals that Artemisia siversiana stands out among secondary metabolite-rich plants due to its strong biological activities. Research conducted on these extracts reveals their excellent potential to become future pharmaceutical developments as new drug candidates for antidiabetic and anticancer as well as antimicrobial applications.
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