PJB-2024-504
Meta-analysis of public health risks of lead accumulation in cereal crops grown in soil irrigated with diverse sources of water and its transfer to public: The Human Environment-Nexus
kanwal sulatn
Abstract
Concentration of lead (Pb) was calculated in soil, cereals and water crops grown at Sargodha, district of Punjab, Pakistan. Sampling was done from three selected locations of city Sargodha irrigated with three different water resources. Municipal waste water was used as irrigation at Site I (MWW), canal water (CW) was used at Site II while Ground water (GW) was used for irrigation at Site III. From each site, sample from five abundantly present cereal crops T.aestivum,L.usitatissimum,Z.mays,A.sativa,P.glaucum. were used to to measure the bio-transfer of Pb. Blood and soil samples were also collected from each site to establish the interrelationship of samples and Pb transfer between them.the outcome of study revealed that MWW contains highest level of Pb (0.016mg/liter) in comparison with CW and GW. The value of Pb in water and soil was higher than the permissible limit of European union (EU), however found lower in cereal crops and blood serum. Among all the samples collected from selected sites, estimated value of of Pb was maximum in P.glaucum (28.2mg/kg) while minimum in T.aestivum (27.2mg/kg). The value PLI was found higher and EF, DIM, HRI, BCF were found lesser than standard limit of EU in all samples. The present study suggested that the application of municipal wastewater to soil might result in polluted cereals, posing a major health risk to the primary producers. To mitigate the related risk to human health, continuous monitoring of various irrigation sources, as well as their initial treatment before deployment to cereal crops, is required.
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