PJB-2024-412
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF SOME SELECTED MACROFUNGI GENOTYPES FROM THE LOWER HINDUKUSH DIR UPPER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Tariq Ullah
Abstract
Naturally occurring wild mushrooms present an important source of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) which comprises of different substances and services. NTFP serves particularly as food and income through hunting of locally dwelling communities all over the world. Twenty (20) naturally occurring mushrooms were collected from five (5) locations (Barawal, Sheringal, Usheray, Lowari top, and Upper Dir) of Dir-Upper District of Malakand Division. These mushrooms are identified as medicinal (Ganoderma applanatum, Astraeus hygrometricus, Pseudoinonotus dryadeus, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma resinaceum), Edible/Nutritional (Perenniporia fraxinea, Agrocybe pediades, Pleurotus dryinus, Phallus hadriani, and Macrolepiota procera), un-known status (Bolbitus scoprophilus, and Russula grata), and poisonous mushroom (Russula cerolens, Amanita bisporigera, Agaricus californicus, and Scleroderma citrinum). The mushrooms were analyzed for chemical and nutritional composition at Food Testing Laboratory, Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. Percent (%) protein ranged from 5.5 to 26.7, where highest value was recorded in Astraeus hygrometricus mushroom while followed by 21.5 in Amanita bisporigera mushroom. Percent (%) fat determined ranged from 1.7 to 9.9, where highest value was recorded in Phallus hadriani (9.9%) which was followed by Macrolepiota procera (9.4%). Percent (%) fiber varied from 8.1 to 22.8, where the highest valve was recorded from Ganoderma applanatum followed by Ganoderma resinaceum. Sodium (PPM) ranged from 1.5 to 21.3, where highest sodium value was recorded in Macrolepiota procera (21.3 PPM) followed by Phallus hadriani (14.9 ppm). Similarly, potassium (ppm) value ranged from 17.3 to 175, where highest (175) was recorded in Ganoderma adspersum followed by Agaricus californicus (123.9). Calcium (ppm) ranged from 4.8 to 54.2, which was high in Ganoderma resinaceum followed by Ganoderma applanatum (53.6). Mean (%) total phenols detected varied from 0.2 to 2.51% where it was highest in Macrolepiota procera (2.51) followed by Phallus hadriani (2.33). More studies are needed to explore macro-fungi (mushroom) for its natural occurrence, types of mushrooms and its utilization/export. Moreover, these studies will encourage local people to hunt important medicinal and nutrition mushrooms will create self-employment and increase their sources of income.
Keywords: wild growing, Macro fungi, Chemical composition, Nutritional potential, Hindukush, Dir upper, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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