PJB-2024-188
Effect of foliar and soil nitrogen managment on wheat growth and yield.
Abu Bakkar
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The average amount of wheat produced in Pakistan is notably less than that of the global average. Applying the right amount of nitrogen is vital for achieving a higher yield. Insufficient nitrogen availability has a detrimental effect on plant growth, reduces the number of tillers and causes yellowing of the leaves. The widely used method of foliar fertilization attempts to correct crop nutritional deficiencies caused by inadequate root supply. The efficient way to increase nutrient availability is foliar application of fertilizer’s, which involves spraying nutrients directly onto plant leaves. A field experiment was executed at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during Rabi season 2022. The split-plot design having three replications were used. Plot size was (7.2 m-2). Two factors were used in experiment. Factor A was Soil nitrogen application with five levels and Factor B was Foliar (Urea) application with six levels. The results showed that nitrogen application at the rate of 160 kg ha-1 significantly increased days to emergence (14.6 days), emergence m-2 (111.28 m-2), number of tillers m-2 (411.06 m-2), days to anthesis (123 days), days to physiological maturity (153), leaf area (27.4 m-2), leaf area index (3.66) and biological yield (9635 kg ha-1). Similarly, nitrogen application at rate of 140 kg ha-1 increases significantly spike m-2 (380m-2), grains spike-1 (59.6 spike-1), thousand grains weight (43.97 g), grains yield (3874.1 kg ha-1). In case of foliar application 5 % urea application showed maximum days to anthesis (118 days), physiological maturity (152 days), number of leaves plant-1 (7.05 leaves), plant height (101 cm), leaf area (24.4 m-2), leaf area index (4.46), spike m-2 (380m-2), grains spike-1 (52.2 spike-1), thousand grains weight (43.07 g) and biological yield (8725 kg ha-1). Similarly, foliar urea application at rate of 4 % gave higher grain yield (3626 kg ha-1). it is concluded that nitrogen at the rate of 140 kg ha-1 increased grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1). Foliar application at 4 % and 5% increased grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1).
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