PJB-2024-177
In Vitro Assessment of Toxicological and Hematological Impacts of Some Essential Oils on the Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum
Muhammad Bilal Afzal
Abstract
The main focus of this study is to investigate the toxic effect of five essential oils, namely Elletaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eucalyptus spp., Sygium aromaticum, and Azadirachta indica, on Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum. The oils were extracted and evaluated for their efficacy against these pests and their impact on the hemocyte count was also examined. The study was conducted using an in vitro approach, where the oils were applied to the pests and the mortality rate was recorded. A hematological analysis was also performed to determine the potential hematotoxicity of the oils. The results showed that Elletaria cardamomum exhibited the highest toxicity, while the other oils demonstrated relatively lower toxicity levels. Furthermore, Neem oil, cinnamon oil, and Elletaria cardamomum were found to significantly reduce the haemocyte count in Trogoderma granarium, indicating immune-suppressive effects. Similar results were observed in Tribolium castaneum, with the exception of Neem oil, which did not show a significant impact on haemocyte count. Additionally, clove oil and eucalyptus oil had no significant effect on haemocyte count in either species. Future research should focus on identifying the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of these essential oils. Furthermore, it is important to assess the long-term effectiveness of these oils in practical pest management applications to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential of essential oils as natural insecticides and emphasizes the need for sustainable pest control strategies by using plant-based insect control products. By exploring the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of these oils, valuable insights can be gained for the development of effective pest management practices in the agricultural and food storage sectors.
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