PJB-2024-150
Botany, Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Musk Cucumber (Sicana odorifera); A Review
Haleema Sadia
Abstract
A Sicana odorifera is a fruit with a strong aroma that is native to Brazil and is extensively dispersed throughout Tropical America. Due to the fact that they have historically been used to treat a variety of illnesses like diabetes, high blood pressure, anemia, nervousness, tumors, inflammation, the illness, itchiness, and more, it has a name as "cassabanana", "sikana", or "musk cucumber". For the benefit of pertinent researchers, a thorough evaluation of the findings and prospects for Sicana odorifera research is offered. Google Scholar, Web of Science, Sci-finder, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Open Access Library, and SpringerLink were used to locate references pertaining to Sicana odorifera between 1963 and 2022. "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) and "The world Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org) gave the scientific plant names. Despite being regarded as indigenous fruits, Sicana odorifera are significant for the creation of prospective sources of herbal remedies since they are consumed by the community. The chemical makeup, anthocyanins, total carotenoids, vitamin C, recommended daily intake (RDI), pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and antioxidant properties of the corpus were all used to describe the fruits. Catechins, depsidia and depsidones, coumarins, steroids and triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac C proteins and amino acids, along with polysaccharides, proteins, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids have all been identified using phytochemistry screening. These secondary metabolites may be in charge of Sicana odorifera's bioactivities and ethnomedical applications. Recent studies have shown the pharmacological effects of Sicana odorifera, including its hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-anxiety, anti-depressants, and numerous traditional uses. Despite the fact that ethnomedical uses were an invaluable resource for pharmacology, several claims that certain plants might heal conditions like anemia, the symptoms of arthritic conditions, fever, diarrhea, or discomfort in the stomach fails to validate by recent studies. Furthermore, Sicana odorifera's poisonous effects were sensitive to dosages, with a variety of dosages being rather harmless. In the future, digital cultures perhaps a potential technique to take place in order to yield Sicana odorifera properly. It is necessary to clarify the differences between ethnomedical applications and modern pharmacology as well as between phytochemistry screening and structural elucidation. In-depth research should be done within the discovery of bioactive substances in natural extraction as well as portions, the depiction of fundamental pharmaceutical processes, including cell death, DNA damage, and clinical investigations of harmful assessment. This review shows that Sicana odorifera can be regarded as a promising source of phytomedicines whenever we keep looking into their possible function.
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