PJB-2024-109
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF TECTONA GRANDIS LEAVES
Zia ullah
Abstract
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF TECTONA GRANDIS LEAVES
ABSTRACT
Teak (Tectona grandis) is a highly valued timber and medicinal tree worldwide. Although it is an exotic species in Pakistan, its ability to grow in different soil types makes it a promising species for cultivation in the country. The present study aimed to evaluate the proximate, minerals and phytochemical profile, and antimicrobial potential of T. grandis leaves. The results revealed that the leaves contained 8.8% ash, 12.33% crude protein, 6.77% crude fats, 20.92% crude fiber and 41.48% nitrogen free extract on dry weight basis. Similarly, amongst the minerals, the highest value (73.09±0.90 mg/g) was recorded for magnesium and the lowest (28.27±1.08 mg/g) for sodium. For phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential, four extracts (methanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of T. grandis leaves were prepared. The qualitative tests exhibited the presence of tannins, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids and emodins. Quantitative analysis of total phenols and total flavonoids contents of the foliar extracts showed maximum total phenolic contents 297.67±2.08 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoids 107.00± 1.00 mg catechin/g extract in ethyl acetate fraction. Foliar extracts at different concentrations were evaluated for their antioxidant potential against DPPH free radicle and maximum inhibition of 88.67±1.53 % was recorded for ethyl acetate extract. Four bacterial strains Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were tested against prepared foliar extracts and results obtained revealed that all these pathogenic strains were susceptible to foliar extracts. Highest zone of inhibition 22.67±1.53 mm was recorded for water fraction of T. grandis against S. typhi, while the lowest for hexane fraction 8.33±0.58 mm against P. Aeruginosa. This experiment showed that ethyl acetate fraction of T. grandis has maximum antibacterial potency while hexane fraction has minimum antibacterial potency against used bacterial strains. Similarly foliar extracts showed potent antifungal activity against three fungal isolates Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger and the highest zone of inhibition (24.67±1.53 mm) was recorded by hexane fraction against A. flavus, and lowest (7.67±1.15 mm) by ethyl acetate fraction against A. niger. It was concluded that T. grandis leaves have appreciable amount of proximate and minerals profile and also possesses potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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