PJB-2024-76
STUDIES ON INVESTIGATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND LEAD IN WATER, SOIL AND FRUIT SAMPLES OF CITRUS IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SOURCES
Zafar Iqbal Khan
Abstract
Although heavy metals like Mo and Pb are crucial to plant growth, larger quantities of these vital substances have harmful effects on plants. Increased amounts of trace metals in the diet suggest a potential harm to human and environmental health. Lead can negatively impact our lives. Increased exposure with this metal will increase the risk of developing cancer, brain issues, mental retardation and even death. Citrus may get affected by trace metals that collect in polluted water and soil. If citrus cultivated in polluted places is consumed, heavy metal deposition from sewage water irrigation and soil is thought to be hazardous to human health. Wet digestion analysis and metal testing were used to discover pollution in samples of water, soil, and fruits that were collected and examined in the lab. Present research appraised the Mo and Pb concentration in water, soil, fruits (Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis) samples. The samples were collected from the selected sites of Tehsil Sargodha (FW-I, and SW-II), Punjab, Pakistan, and analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The assessment of the bio-concentration factor, daily intake of metal (DIM), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and health risk index (HRI) were also highlighted by the present findings. The maximum value of Mo and Pb in fruits were 0.007 at SW-II site and 0.185 at FW-I. The PLI Pb was remarked as more than 1 while other indices were found less than 1 for Mo and Pb.
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