PJB-2024-40
Coarse ash and fly ash as soil amendments for improving soil properties and growth of spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Hafiz Ali Usman
Abstract
Improving soil fertility and maximizing crop yield hinge on the strategic utilization of effective soil amendments. This study investigates the viability of two industrially prevalent byproducts, namely coarse ash and fly ash, as potential soil enhancers for spring maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation. A controlled pot experiment was conducted to assess the impact of these additives on crop development and nutrient availability. The experiment comprised nine treatments, including a control group, two concentrations of fly ash (0.25% and 0.5%), two concentrations of coarse ash (0.25% and 0.5%), and four combinations of 0.25% and 0.5% fly ash and coarse ash with rock phosphate. Employing a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, the experiment was executed at the greenhouse of Soil and Environmental Sciences in the B-Block of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan. Over a 60-day growth period, spring maize was cultivated, and post-harvest assessments of soil and plant characteristics were conducted. Statistical analysis revealed that the application of coarse ash and fly ash significantly augmented plant growth parameters compared to the control treatment. Notably, the combination of 0.5% coarse ash and rock phosphate yielded the tallest plants (110.9 cm), while the 0.25% fly ash combination resulted in the highest fresh biomass (31.0 mg/plant). Furthermore, the application of fly ash and coarse ash substantially increased nutrient availability in the soil. The treatment featuring 0.5% coarse ash and rock phosphate exhibited the highest levels of nitrogen (6.9%), available phosphorus (7.3 mg/kg), and extractable potassium (118.0 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of coarse ash and fly ash as effective soil amendments for enhancing soil fertility and boosting crop productivity, particularly when applied at lower concentrations. Nevertheless, a cautious approach is advised when considering higher concentrations of fly ash and coarse ash, given the potential risks of phytotoxicity and heavy metal accumulation. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts of these additives on both soil health and crop productivity.
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