PJB-2023-600
Genetic Variability Among Indigenous Soybean Accessions for Morpho-Yield and Biochemical Traits Under Rainfed Condition
Furqan Alam
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a major oil seed crop in the world known as a golden bean or miracle bean because of its numerous nutritional benefits. A study was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station Baffa, Mansehra in 2022 to determine genetic variability among indigenous soybean accessions in terms of morpho-yield and biochemical traits. A total of 27 genotypes were assessed in an experiment utilizing a randomized complete block design with three replications. For all studied traits, the analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes. Genotype KP-10 and KP-44 had the shortest emergence time (10 days) while the minimum number of days to 50% flowering (40 days) as well as days to maturity (84 days) was recorded for genotype KP- 49. Genotype KP-67 had the largest leaf area (21.33 cm2) whereas, the maximum plant height was observed for genotype KP-68 (80.67cm). Maximum pod plant-1 were produced by genotype KP-68 (103.33), whereas, genotype KP-30 and KP-61 produced maximum number of seed pod-1 (4 seeds pod-1). Genotype KP-40 had the heaviest seed weight (17.14g), while genotype KP-68 revealed maximum biological yield (3580.25 kgha-1), grain yield (2332.59 kgha-1), protein content (37.66%) and oil content (18.5%). Moreover, genotype KP-61 had the lowest moisture content (6.50%). High heritability was observed for plant height (0.98), 100-seed weight (0.97), oil content (0.96), protein content (0.95), days to 50% flowering (0.84), days to maturity (0.82), and biological yield (0.80). Genetic advance as a percent of mean was high for grain yield (50.51), pod plant-1 (41.36), leaf area (36.32), plant height (24.52), 100-seed weight (24.38) and harvest index (25.88). At genotypic as well as phenotypic level the grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with leaf area (rg= 0.388, rp= 0.313), pod plant-1 (rg= 0.850, rp= 0.724), biological yield (rg= 0.895, rp= 0.846) and oil content (rg= 0.448, rp= 0.372). Whereas, the association between grain yield and days to emergence (rg 0.724, rp= -0.452) was significantly negative at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Genotypes KP-68, KP-10 and KP-49 performed better and could be utilized in forthcoming soybean breeding initiatives. However, based on superior performance for grain yield, protein content along with oil content genotype KP-68 could be forwarded for varietal registration process.
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