PJB-2023-588
RISK FACTORS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AMONG CENTRALLY OBESE HOUSEWIVES
Koyal Shuja
Abstract
A current case-control study was conducted to determine the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among centrally obese housewives. A total of 200 subjects (100 cases and 100 control) were randomly selected through a convenient sampling technique. The cases and controls were differentiated from each other by the presence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Those women were included in the study who were married, not doing any job, had central obesity, and of age greater than 20 years On the other side women who were pregnant, did not have other liver disease or infection, or using any medication were excluded from the study. The qualitative data was collected through a well-designed questionnaire. Height(cm), weight(kg), and waist circumference(cm) were measured through recommended methods of the World Health Organization(WHO). Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used for the assessment of physical activity and the dietary intake of subjects was determined by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical tests and lipid profile tests were also conducted, and the blood pressure was identified using a standardized sphygmomanometer all the data taken was compared with WHO cut-off values. The recorded data was statistically analyzed through a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., v. 20) at a 0.05 significant level. The results revealed that both the case and control groups were non-significant in their socio-demographic characteristics p>0.05. The Mean age of case and control subjects was 35.4±6.4 (year) and 35.2±7.5 (years). Both of the groups were different in their anthropometric characteristics p<0.05. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for weight, Body mass index, body mass index categories, and waist circumference whereas the mean height of the participants was 167.7±8.9 (cm) and 166.4±8.8 cm) which showed a non-significant association. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for Blood sugar triglyceride, Cholesterol, Hemoglobin, and LDL except for HDL. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The mean systolic blood pressure of the case and control participants was 123.4±14.4 (mmHg) and 118.2±17.3 (mmHg). The mean diastolic blood pressure of the case and control was 82.6±10.8 (mmHg) and 79.4±10.1 (mmHg). A non-significant difference (p>0.05) was recorded for all the parameters of the physical activities. A significant difference (p<0.05) was recorded for watching TV. Total Sleep, soft drinks, fast food, bakery, Meat and Snack. A significant difference (p<0.05) was noted for milk products, fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and beverages. Our study concluded that most of the case subjects were overweight and had high BMI, high Blood sugar triglyceride, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high LDL but low HDL and hemoglobin levels as compared to the control group. Above all subjects in the cases showed a bad lifestyle and consumed a non-healthy diet as compared to the control subject which was the main risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study recommended that more research should be done in this field that people must be aware of to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
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