PJB-2023-584
PROFILE OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND GRAIN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALAYSIAN RICE LANDRACES FOR FUTURE USE IN BREEDING PROGRAM
SITE NOORZURAINI ABD RAHMAN
Abstract
Rice serves as a primary source of calories for the majority of the world's population. The substantial influx of imported rice into the domestic markets of several countries has caused a shift in consumer preferences from locally produced rice to imported rice. Long-term food security is not achievable by relying on food imports; therefore, breeding for the development of high-quality rice with desirable grain attributes and nutritional value is necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical properties and grain physical characteristics of 30 Malaysian rice landraces to optimize the use of rice landraces in breeding programs. The physicochemical properties were determined by amylose content, alkali spreading value, and gel consistency. Meanwhile, the physical characteristics of the grains were evaluated according to kernel elongation, grain size, and grain shape. The study found that most Malaysian rice landraces were classified as medium grain shape (48.60%), followed by long and slender grain shape (40.00%). The amylose content of most rice landraces ranged from low (17.13-19.83%) to intermediate (20.00-23.80%), with a wide range of gel consistency (soft to hard). Grain width, grain shape, and kernel elongation exhibited the highest heritability and less phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance differences; therefore, selecting these traits for future breeding programs would be helpful. A dendrogram was created to determine the genetic relationships among Malaysian rice landraces, resulting in the discovery of five distinct clusters. Bokilong, Kolomintuhon, Silou, Tutumoh, and Bidor rice landraces, which were grouped in Cluster 1, exhibited similar physicochemical properties and cooking quality to the control cultivars namely Malinja, MR219, and Sempadan 303. The information gathered is meaningful in selecting potential donors among the rice landraces for breeding programs focused on developing high-quality or specialty rice.
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