PJB-2023-520
Genetic Divergence for Production Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Saddam Hussain
Abstract
Development of high yielding crop cultivars requires the knowledge of genetic divergence of essentials production traits. To determine genetic divergence for production traits in bread wheat, the present study was conducted at The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during 2019-20. Experimental material, consists of 50 lines (including 49 lines + 1 local check viz. Pirsabak 2015), was grown in triplicated alpha lattice design. Data was recorded on maturity and various production traits. Analysis of variance showed significant (p≤0.05) variances among the lines for all studied traits except days to emergence. G7 and G28 genotype had taken least days (115) to heading while G4 was early maturing (138 days) genotype. Longest spikes (12.1 cm) were produced by genotype G33 followed by G16 (11.9 cm) and G2 (11.4 cm). Genotype G22 produced more grains spike-1 (69.5) followed by genotype G33 (68.7) and G41 (65.3). Similarly, genotype G33 produced maximum thousand grains (43.5 g) followed by genotype G22 (43.0 g) and G41 (42.3 g). Genotype G8 appeared as the high yielding line (6855.6 kg ha-1) followed by genotype G3 (6644.8 kg ha-1) and G34 (6567.1 kg ha-1). Moderate to high heritability accompanied with good genetic gain was assessed for grain yield (h2: 0.82 and GA: 1589.04), spike length (h2: 0.61 and GA: 1.00), 1000-grain weight (h2: 0.60 and GA: 3.91), number of spikelets spike-1 (h2: 0.63 and GA: 2.10), number of grains spike-1 (h2: 0.89 and GA: 10.48), spike m-2 (h2: 0.83 and GA: 214.44), biological yield (h2: 0.70 and GA: 2948.16) and harvest index (h2: 0.57 and GA: 5.36). Correlation among yield and yield attributing traits showed that grain yield was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight (0.18*), biological yield (0.75**), spikes m-2 (0.53**), and harvest index (0.61**). Results indicated that the above-mentioned production traits, therefore, could serve as an excellent selection criteria for the improvement of grain yield in bread wheat. Among all lines, G8, G3, G22, G34 and G37 were high yielding lines, therefore, exploitation of these lines in future wheat breeding programs is recommended.
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