PJB-2023-365
YIELD COMPONENT TRAITS AND GENETIC PARAMETERS OF FACULTATIVE WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) UNDER UNCUT AND CUT CONDITIONS
Aftab Jehan
Abstract
Winter wheat is known for its dual purpose of green forage and grain production and has potential to be cultivated in Northern Areas of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa with great success. This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2021-22 to test a set of 18 facultative winter wheat lines along with two check cultivars (Kohat-17 and Khaista-17) under two cuttings using 2-Factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in winter wheat genotypes and cutting treatments for morphological and yield component traits except harvest index. Genotype × cutting interaction was also significant for flag leaf area, spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, biological and grain yield. Green forage production of wheat genotypes ranged from 2667 and 7111 kg ha-1. Maximum spikes m-2 were recorded for genotypes WW-75-20 (755) and WW-9808 (653), spike length for WW-243 and WW-300 (each with 12.3 cm) and EWW-4-20 (11.5 cm), kernels spike-1 for WW-67 (58.6) and EWW-4-20 (50.4), biological yield for WW-75-20 (12296 kg ha-1) and EWW-10-20 (9926 kg ha-1) under uncut and cut treatment, respectively and grain yield for WW-75-20 (uncut=4200 kg ha-1, cut=3437 kg ha-1). Green forage cutting before hollow stem formation delayed heading and maturity, while negatively affected most yield components of winter wheat. Most reduction was noticed in spikes m-2 (28.20%) for genotype WW-243, 12.20% in spike length of WW-300, 13.50% in spikelets spike-1 of WW-67, 25.00% in single spike weight of WW-295 and WW-9827, 28.18% in kernels spike-1 of EWW-8-20, 27.27% in kernel weight spike-1 of WW-295, 24.44% in 1000-kernel weight of WW-295, 27.81% in biological yield of WW-56, while 33.54% in grain yield of EWW-4-20 due to green forage cutting. Broad sense heritability estimates for all the traits were higher in magnitude (0.72 to 0.98), however heritability of most yield component traits were greater under uncut than cut treatment. Likewise, selection differential, expected and observed selection response for majority of the traits were greater under uncut than cut treatment. For example, expected selection response was 1.5 and 1.3 cm for spike length, 1.6 and 1.3 for spikelets spike-1, 9.9 and 7.8 for kernels spike-1, 1237 and 743 kg ha-1 for biological yield and 959 and 659 kg ha-1 for grain yield under uncut and cut treatment, respectively. Similarly, selection differential was 2.0 and 1.6 cm for spike length, 2.3 and 1.7 for spikelets spike-1, 10.1 and 7.2 for kernels spike-1 and 1348 and 918 kg ha-1 for biological yield under uncut and cut treatment, respectively. Observed selection response was 1.55 and 1.46 cm for spike length, 1.87 and 1.26 for spikelets spike-1, 9.3 and 6.3 for kernels spike-1, 1054 and 683 kg ha-1 for biological yield and 564 and 506 kg ha-1 for grain yield under uncut and cut treatment, respectively. Grain yield had significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with single spike weight, kernel weight spike-1, 1000-kernel weight and harvest index both under uncut and cut treatment. However, grain yield had significantly negative phenotypic and genotypic relationship with days to heading, maturity and plant height under uncut as well cut treatment. Stress tolerance indices like tolerance, yield stability and stress susceptibility index appears to be more effective indicators in selecting stress tolerant wheat genotypes. Winter wheat lines WW-67, EWW-4-20, WW-75-20, WW-9917 and WW-56 have potential of higher green forage as well as grain yield production and therefore need to be further tested for possible release as dual purpose winter wheat cultivars in Northern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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