PJB-2023-364
Spatio-temporal variation in Groundwater Quality along the Coastal Belt of Sindh, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran Nasir
Abstract
Given its importance in sustaining both human health and the environment, water is a crucial aspect of environmental quality that receives significant attention. 32 groundwater locations were selected, and samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to assess pollution levels and understand pollutant behavior and source in the coastal region of Sind, Pakistan. Water quality parameters including pH, TDS, EC, TH, turbidity, HCO3, CO3, Cl, SO4, Na, Ca, Mg, and K were measured. The water samples had acceptable levels of EC, CO3, HCO3, and K, but elevated levels of TDS, Na, SO4, Cl, Ca, Mg, and TH, as well as higher turbidity than WHO standards, suggesting unfit for consumption. Various factors, including evaporation/crystallization, groundwater dilution, seawater intrusion, and local geology, affect the major ion concentration and distribution in groundwater, with evaporation being the most significant factor due to low rainfall and high evaporation rates in the study area
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