PJB-2023-217
EVALUATION OF LEAD AND CHROMIUM CONTAMINATION OF DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN WITH DIVERSE REGIMES OF IRRIGATION; IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Ariba Riaz
Abstract
Wheat is planted in practically every part of Pakistan since it is a staple food for the country's people and because it can be easily processed into other products. It contributes around 13.1% to agriculture and 2.8% to the overall economy. Wheat production has grown throughout the course of history, while wheat consumption on a per-person basis has fallen. The surging demand has urged farmer to substitute the scarcity of freshwater with wastewater. The soil's chemical and physical composition is significantly altered when it is subjected to frequent irrigation with wastewater. The use of sewage water for agricultural irrigation is becoming more common in urban and peri-urban areas. It has a huge impact on the hydrology and water quality of natural water bodies as well. However, it generates a substantial amount of economic activity, particularly for farmers. The use of wastewater without adequate safeguards for the environment and the health of humans has significant repercussions. Since waste water has traditionally been used to irrigate agricultural land, the soil is contaminated with heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, chromium, and nickel. This practice has been going on for a very long time.
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