PJB-2023-120
A review on natural selection as a major factor for replacing certain species of plants and emergence of newer species over geological time
Nawaf Al-Shammari
Abstract
Natural selection is a term conceptualized by Charles Darwin which plays a vital role in replacing certain species of plants by newer species along with geological time. It is a process of differential survival and existence of individuals based on the difference in phenotypes and thus, plays a key role in evolution. According to the Darwin, there is a struggle for resources from one generation to the other generation. Due to this competition species try to change their characteristics and species with suitable characteristics survive. The experimental design having Prosopis juliflora introduced in East Africa in 1970s confirmed the theory. Natural selection through ecological conditions favours the fast growth of invasive species in the geological age of climate change which has seen as the major factor for emergence and thriving of invasive species such as Prosopis juliflora. The main aim of this review is to provide general information regarding the evolution of plant life from the ice age to carboniferous and the impacts of global climate changes on the survival and existence of various species of plants. In addition, a case study of Prosopis jiliflora from East Africa has been included as an example to support the hypothesis of natural selection.
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