PJB-2023-42
zafar iqbal khan
Abstract
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Copper and Zinc, play very important role in plants development, but plants exposure to these essential compounds at higher concentrations cause severe toxic effects. Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants because of its involvement in the synthesis of ATP and CO2 assimilation. Zinc (Zn) stimulates several of the enzymes and is necessary for biosynthesis of chlorophyll. Present research appraised the Cu and Zn concentration in water, soil, forages (Trifolium repens, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea), milk and hair samples of buffaloes. The samples were collected from the selected sites of Tehsil Bhalwal (Jhada, Kot Hakim Khan, and Chak No 10 SB), Punjab, Pakistan, and analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration of Cu were established in the ranged of 0.80 to 2.98 mgL-1 in water, 5.940 to 14.900 mgkg-1 in soil, 2.300 to 8.990 mgkg-1 in forages, 0.0054 to 1.90 mgL-1 in milk, and 1.10 to 5.900 mgkg-1 in hair samples respectively. The range of Zn varied from 0.100 to 1.50 mgL-1 in water, 21.500 to 36.700 mgkg-1in soil,16.700 to 39.980 mgkg-1 in forage, 1.381 to 7.80 mgL-1 in milk, and 0.240 to 2.755 mgkg-1 in hair respectively. The assessment of the bio-concentration factor, daily intake of metal (DIM), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and health risk index (HRI) were also highlighted by the present findings. The BCF of Zinc and PLI of Copper were remarked as more than 1 while other indices were found less than 1, indicated that forages cultivated in water rich soil are not harmful, therefore heavy metal analysis was necessary to assess the extent of environmental contamination.
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