PJB-2022-516
TOXICITY OF PLANTS EXTRACTS AGAINST WHEAT APHIDS, NATURAL ENEMIES AND THEIR SUBSEQUENT EFFECTS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT CROP
Liaqat Khan
Abstract
In the years 2021–2022, a field and lab experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab in Peshawar, Pakistan, to investigate the efficiency of plant extracts and insecticides against wheat aphids under field and laboratory conditions. The experiment was consisted of seven treatments which were applied randomly within each block (Control, Confidor, Lantana camara, Polygonum hydropiper, Euclaptus camaldlensis, Broussonetia papyrifera and Partheniun hestrophorus. Wheat variety “Gulzar 2019” was sown in 4th week of November and general agronomic practices were applied for wheat sowing. The pre spray and after spray data were collected (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days and 15 days). After spray application in all the treatments, it was noted that aphid numbers were on the decline. P. hydropiper had the maximum number of aphids (10.60), (7.24), in the field and (10.20), (6.90), in the lab, while Confidor had the lowest number of aphids (5.86), (2.27), in the field and (5.32), (1.55), in the lab. According to data on ladybird beetles, green lacewings, and mummies (Aphidies sp) P. hydropiper extract had the highest mean number of natural enemies, while the least number of natural enemies were found Confidor followed by L. camara extracts. In post spray the highest numbers of natural enemies were found with P. hydropiper spray as well as the population of natural enemies were also found on the decreasing trend. Furthermore, wheat plots treated with Confidor resultant in maximum plant height (92.34 cm), spike length (11.32 cm), thousand grain weight (67.58 gm), no of grain per spike (68.43), biological yield (6987.4 kg ha-1) and tolal yield (4012.7 kg ha-1) followed by L. camara plant height (88.76 cm), spike length (10.42 cm), thousand grain weight (63.43 gm), no of grain per spike (64.52), and yield (3976.7 kg ha-1) in wheat crop. It was concluded that that Confidor was the most effective against wheat aphids and gave extra yield. However, L. camara extract-based biopesticide is far superior to extracts from other plants. Therefore, the application of L. camara extract based biopesticide can be incorporated for the management of this pest under Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Thus L. camara extract could be recommended for farmers to be used for the control of target pests.
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