PJB-2022-274
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND TRAITS CORRELATION IN BREAD WHEAT
Qabil Shah
Abstract
ABSTRACT Knowledge of variability for important morphological and other yield related traits plays a major role in devising effective crop breeding schemes to evolve high yielding crop cultivars. Therefore, this study was conducted at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2020-21 growing season. Experimental material, including 69 bread wheat genotypes and one local check (Wadan), was grown in alpha lattice design replicated four times. Data were recorded on maturity, yield and yield related traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant (p≤0.05) differences for all studied traits except biological yield. Mean data for days to heading varied from 107 to 116 (days); for days to maturity from 145 to 164 days; for plant height from 85.5 to 133.5 cm; for tillers m-2 from 209 to 518 tillers; for grains spike-1 from 30 to 60 grains, for spike length from 8.1 to 12 cm; for 1000-grain weight from 36.2 to 51.5 g; for biological yield from 9889 to 16055 kg ha-1; for grain yield from 4059.5 to 7055.5 kg ha-1 and harvest index from 33 to 51 %. Earlier heading 107.3 days was documented for genotype G-41. Similarly, genotypes G-31, G-43, G-45, G-63 and G-66 took least value of days to physiological maturity 145 days. Genotype G-27 had short statured plants 85.5 cm. More tillers m-2 518 tillers were produced by G-4 and G-8. Higher number of grains spike-1 60 grains were recorded for genotype G-54, G-59 and G-64. Genotypes G-33, G-41, G-42 and G-64 produced longer spikes (12 cm). Similarly, G-27, G-37 and G-60 produced heavier thousand grains 51.5 g. Genotype G-37 appeared as high yielding genotype producing 7055.5 kg ha-1 followed by G-4 (6750 kg ha-1) and G-30 (6305.5 kg ha-1). Highest biological yield was produced by G-37 (16055.5 kg ha-1) followed by G-19 (15972.0 kg ha-1) and G-13 (15823.0 kg ha-1). Harvest index was recorded high for G-27 (51%). Broad sense heritability estimates were observed high for days to heading (0.67), days to maturity (0.90), tillers m-2 (0.82) and 1000-grain weight (0.62) while, moderate heritability for plant height (0.47), spike length (0.48), grains spike-1 (0.46) and harvest index (0.47). Lowest heritability was estimated for grain yield (0.19) and biological yield (0.04). Analysis of correlation revealed that grain yield was significantly associated with days to maturity, tillers m-2, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. This study identified genotypes G-31, G-43, G-45, G-63 and G-66 are early maturing while G-8 and G-4 performed superior for tillers m-2 and, G-27 and G-37 were superior in harvest index, biological yield and grain yield. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in future wheat breeding programs to develop early maturing and high yielding wheat cultivars.
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