PJB-2022-273
HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE FOR YIELD TRAITS IN F3 WHEAT POPULATIONS UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED ENVIRONMENTS Tufail Ahmad and Sultan Akbar Jadoon Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Crop Production Science The University of Ag
Tufail Ahmad
Abstract
ABSTRACT Development of high yielding genotypes across environment, is one of the prime objectives in almost every wheat breeding program. This research was conducted to quantify heritability and genetic advance for yield and related traits of F3 wheat populations under irrigated and rainfed environments. Eighteen wheat lines comprising seven parents, ten F3 populations along with one check cultivar were evaluated in randomized complete block design at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the cropping season of 2019-20. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, environments, parents, F3 populations, parents versus F3 populations and genotypes × environment interactions for all the studied traits. Mean values under irrigated environment ranged from 6.7 to 11.0 for tillers plant-1, 35.0 to 48.3 grains for grains spike-1, 41.7 to 52 g for 1000-grains weight, 60.1 to 103.7 g plant-1 for biological yield, 24 to 40.5 g for grain yield, and 38.3% to 44.5% for harvest index. Similarly, mean values under rainfed environment ranged from 6.3 to 9.0 for tillers plant-1, 32.0 to 46.0 grains for grains spike-1, 28.5 to 42.6 g for 1000-grain weight, 61.1 to 86.9 g plant-1 for biological yield, 20.4 to 34.5 g for grain yield, and 32.8% to 43.7% for harvest index. Moreover, mean values of all genotypes across environment, were 8.6 and 7.6 for number of tillers plant1, 40.2 and 39.1 grains for grains spike-1, 46.7 and 36.9 g for 1000-grain weight, 79.7 and 70.4 g for biological yield, 31.12 and 26.12 g for grain yield and 39.88% and 36.27% for harvest index. Among parent’s genotypes Pakhtunkhwa-15 followed Pyrolla and Pirsabak-15 were high yielding across environment while, Ghaznavi-98 × Pyrolla and Ghaznavi-98 × Benazir was the best F3 populations. Likewise, heritability ranged from 0.81 to 0.95 for 1000-grain weight, 0.21 to 0.59 for biological yield, 0.71 to 0.85 for grain yield, 0.40 to 0.77 for harvest index under irrigated condition while 0.77 to 0.95 for 1000 grain weight, 0.40 to 0.71 for biological yield, 0.48 to 0.81 for grain yield, and 0.47 to 0.84 for harvest index under drought stress environment. Highest value of heritability was found in Ghanimat × Pyrolla followed by Pakhtunkhwa-15×Benazir and Pakhtunkhwa-15×Pyrolla under stress environment. Similarly, the genetic advance also ranged from 1.53 to 2.99 for 1000-grain weight, 1.15 to 4.55 for biological yield and 2.97 to 4.98 for grain yield under irrigated condition. While, under stress condition the genetic advance ranged from 1.42 to 3.18 for 1000-grain weight, 1.86 to 4.10 for biological yield and 1.53 to 3.23 for grain yield moderate to high indicating the influence of additive gene action on these characters. Characters with high heritability coupled with high genetic advance may be useful for selection of superior genotypes in future wheat breeding program. Under both environments grain yield was positive and significantly correlated with grains spike-1 and biological yield and hence these traits could be used as selection criteria for yield improvement in wheat under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Ghaznavi-98 × Pyrolla and Ghaznavi-98 × Benazir performed best among other genotypes under both environments and could be considered for wheat improvement in future.
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