PJB-2022-189
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN YELLOW MAIZE USING 6×6 HALF DIALLEL MATING DESIGN
Salman Khan
Abstract
ABSTRACT Understanding heterosis and combining ability of available maize germplasm is essential for successful maize improvement and breeding. Combining ability analysis (GCA and SCA) and heterosis for different yield and yield associated traits were studied in 6 x 6 half diallel crosses of yellow maize. Six diverse parents viz. PSLY-0218, PSLY-0418, PSLY-1315, PSLY-1307, PSLY-1112 and PSLY-9706 of yellow maize provided by Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabak Nowshera were intercrossed in half diallel to develop 15 F1 hybrids in summer 2020. Twenty three genotypes including six parents, 15 Fı and two checks (Edhi and Hybrid CS2Y10) were evaluated durring spring maize growing season of 2021. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mean squares due to genotype were highly significant (P<0.01) for all the traits except anthesis silking interval depicting that the genotypes were of diverse nature. Minimum days to tasseling (79.83days), days to 50% anthesis (82.50 days) as well as minimum days to 50% silking (86.00 days) were recorded for PSLY-1112 × PSLY-9706. Minimum ASI (1.50 day) was recorded for genotype PSLY-0218 × PSLY-9706. Shortest plant height (155.45 cm) and lowest ear height (56.3cm) were recorded for genotype PSLY-0418 × PSLY-970. Maximum ear weight (165.94 g) was recorded for genotype PSLY-1315 × PSLY-1112 while the longest ear (19.39 cm) was recorded for genotype PSLY-0218 × PSLY-1315. Highest number of kernel rows ear-1 (18.00) was noted for genotype PSLY-1112 × PSLY-9706 and PSLY-1315 × PSLY-1112 while highest kernels row-1 (48.36) were recorded for genotype PSLY-1315 × PSLY-1112. Maximum 100-kernel weight (42.00 g) was estimated for genotype PSLY-1315 × PSLY-9706. Highest grain yield (7.02 t ha-1) was recorded for genotype PSLY-1315 × PSLY-9706. Likewise the GCA and SCA mean squares were highly significant which indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions in inheritance of all the traits studied. PSLY-0418 appeared as excellent general combiners for days to 50% tasseling (-0. 72) days to 50% anthesis (-0. 71), days to 50% silking (-0. 75), plant height (-4.44) Similarly, PSLY-1315 and PSLY-1112 proved as good general combiners for cob length (0.47, 0.023), kernel rows cob-1 (1.26, 0.50) and 100-seed weight (0.83, 0.58). Among the F1 hybrids, PSLY-1112 × PSLY-9706 appeared as excellent specific combination for days to tasseling (-4.71) and days to anthesis (-4.51), days to silking (-3.51), while PSLY-1315 × PSLY-9706 for kernels row-1 (8.71), kernels row ear-1 (1.63), 100-grain weight (5.89) and seed yield (1.79). Similarly heterosis over mid parent, best parent, standard heterosis over variety (Edhi) and commercial heterosis over hybrid CS2Y10 were also estimated for yield and yield associated traits. Among F1 cross combinations, two crosses PSLY-1315 × PSLY-9706 and PSLY-1315 × PSLY-1112 exhibited positive significant mid parent (96.35, 92.44%), best parent (93.33, 90.35%), standard (63.03, 59.03%) and commercial heterosis (54.69, 50.89%) for grain yield, respectively. These crosses manifested significant SCA effects, coupled with better mean performance for yield and yield attributes and therefore could be more compensating in hybrid breeding programs after testing at multi-locations
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