PJB-2022-107
RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO SOWING DATES AND SEED PRIMING
Muhammad Ibrahim
Abstract
Abstract Wheat grains, which are relatively inexpensive and the primary source of energy for around 4.5 billion people or more in 94 developing countries, delivering more than 22 % of calories and protein on average. As a result, one of the primary areas for researchers is increasing wheat output to meet the food requirements of the above-mentioned massive population. In this regard, an experiment was carried out to determine the ideal sowing time as well as the best priming source to deal with changing environment and its implications. The experiment was carried out in RCBD split plot layout that was reproduced three times. The area was 3x3 m in size, with 9 rows and 30 cm apart. Five sowing dates (2nd November, 16th November, 1st December, 15th December, and 28th December) were applied to main plots while 3 priming sources PS( H2O priming , 1% KNO3 and 1% HCl priming) were applied to subplots. Urea as source of N and single super phosphate as P2O5 were applied at the rate of 120 and 90 kg ha -1. All the growth parameters except from days to emergence showed an increase with early sowing carried on 2nd November. Higher emergence (m -2) , days to booting ,anthesis , leaf area tiller -1 ,spikes m -2, grains spike -1 , thousands grains weight (g) , biological yield (kg ha -1), grain yield (kg ha -1), and harvest index (%) were recorded for plots sown on 2nd November. For priming sources and sowing dates interaction, maximum biological and grain yield (13207 and 4601 kg ha -1) recorded when water primed seeds were sown on 2nd November afterward a linear decrease were recorded with a delay in sowing. Lower biological and grain yields were documented as a result of seeds primed in 1% HCl solution and seeded on December 28th.The best priming source i.e. water for wheat variety PS-15 results 31% and 38% more biological and grain yield when sown on 2nd November as compared to late sowed. Hence wheat cultivar PS-15 primed in distal water sown during first week of November is highly recommended in ecological zone of Peshawar.
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