PJB-2022-83
Bioactivity and enzymatic properties of culturable endophytic fungi associated with Black seeds (Nigella sativa L.)
Boitshepo Gopane
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes are degraders of the polysaccharides and endophytic fungi are important source of bioactive secondary metabolites, possessing countless properties including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antiviral activities. However, limited research has been conducted on endophytes from Nigella sativa L. with useful enzymes. The current study evaluated the biological and enzymatic properties of culturable endophytic fungi associated with Black seeds.The detection of amylase, protease, lipase and laccase enzymes produced by one hundred endophytes previously isolated from the seed. In addition, their antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)] was determined using the disc diffusion assay. The data show that 93% of the isolates were capable of producing amylase, followed by protease, lipase and laccase with 72%, 81% and 10% respectively. Out of 100 endophytic fungi, only nineteen (n=19) displayed activity against the target bacteria. From the 19 endophytic fungi showing antibacterial activity, 9 (47%) belonged to the Penicillium genus, 5 (26%) to Alternaria spp, 3 (16%) to Cladosporium and only 1 (5%) to the Fusarium genus. The highest antibacterial activities against all pathogenic bacteria tested were recorded for Alternaria alternate (MH879772.1) and Penicillium goetzii (MF151170.1). In conclusion, fungal endophytes isolated from black seeds are capable of producing extracellular enzymes as well bioactive compounds which are beneficial in industrial applications.
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