PJB-2022-28
STUDY OF COMBINING ABILITIES AND NATURE OF GENE ACTION IN F2 POPULATION OF BREAD WHEAT FOR OUTSTANDING PRODUCTION TRAITS
Muhammad Babar
Abstract
The production of new wheat genotypes with more genetic potential has become a long-term goal in the present breeding effort to help with food security. Wheat breeders are also attempting to create genotypes that will yield the highest return with the least number of resources. Line × tester combines ability analysis was carried out during 2017-20 to determine the combining ability effects among populations, gene action, and legacy of production traits in bread wheat. Five lines Shafaq-06, SKD-1, TD-1, Benazir-13, and Khyber-87 and three testers IBWSN-24, IBWSN-192, and IBWSN-205 were initially crossed during spring 2017-18 in a line × tester fashion design. After advancing the generation the parental lines, testers, and their fifteen F2 populations were grown in randomize complete block design during the wheat season 2019-20 with 3 replications. Significant (P≤0.01) variation was observed among genotypes, parents vs. crosses and parents for all the tested traits. Mean square due to crosses and lines demonstrated significant (P≤0.01) variation for most of the traits. Therefore, all the traits were observed significant (P≤0.01) differences for crosses and lines whereas, days to maturity revealed significant (P≤0.05) differences for lines and testers. Testers mean square presented significant (P≤0.01) differences for all the traits except days to maturity. Means squares for lines × testers interactions/F2 populations exhibited significant differences (P≤0.01) for most of the traits. The studied parental lines Benazir-13, and Khyber-87, testers IBWSN-192(17-18), and F2 populations Shafaq-06 × IBWSN-24(17-18), Shafaq-06 × IBWSN-192(17-18), SKD-1 × IBWSN-205(17-18), and TD-1 × IBWSN-192(17-18) revealed significant (P≤0.01) GCA and SCA effects and appeared as best general and specific combiners for various traits. In percent contribution to the total variance, the lines and L × T F2 populations had a maximum share for all characters. Except for grain weight spike-1 and grains spike-1, the ratios of GCA to SCA variations and the degree of dominance revealed that dominant gene action controlled all traits. Due to the obvious non-additive gene action, the selection of capable populations should be deferred to later segregating generations in order to improve further. The indicated exceptional populations could be utilized in a future breeding experiment to generate commercialized wheat cultivars with high yields.
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