PJB-2022-20
Response of wheat production and soil organic matter decomposition to nitrogen and tillage practices
Jawad akbar
Abstract
A field research was carried out on “Response of wheat production and soil organic matter decomposition to nitrogen and tillage practices†at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during winter 2020-2021 (Rabi). The experiment was laid out in RCBD split plot arrangement replicated four times. Tillage practices included shallow tillage (ST) and deep tillage (DT) were applied to main plots, however 120 kg N ha-1 derived from urea and farmyard manure having INT0 (control), INT1 (67% urea + 33% FYM) and INT2 (20% urea + 80% FYM) were assigned to subplots. Tillage practices had significantly affected all parameters except plant height. The comparison of tillage practices, plots ploughed with deep tillage took more days to emergence (15.8), days to anthesis (126.7), days to physiological maturity (158.7) and larger leaf area tiller-1 (104.2 cm). Productivity parameters i.e spikes (218 m-2), grains spike-1 (55), 1000 grain weight (45.3 g), biological yield (10764 kg ha-1), grain yield (4068 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.7%) was higher in deep tillage compared to shallow tillage. Soil total nitrogen (0.47 g kg-1) and soil moisture content (19.3%) was observed more in deep tillage. Shallow tillage stood superior over deep tillage in the case of soil organic matter (0.72 g kg-1). The analysis of data showed that the fertilization of nitrogen from the source of urea (20%) and FYM (80%) had positively delayed days to emergence (14.8). More days to anthesis (127.0), days to physiological maturity (159.5), higher leaf area tiller-1 (104.1 cm) and plant height (83.3 cm) were noted in INT2. Spikes (215 m-2), grains spike-1 (55), thousand grain weight (44.7 g), biological yield (10960 kg ha-1), grain yield (4071 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.0%) was higher in 80% FYM + 20% urea applied plots. INT2 showed better result on soil organic matter (0.78 g kg-1), soil total nitrogen (0.48 g kg-1), soil moisture content (19.2%) and soil organic matter decomposition rate (7.1 µ g kg-1) compared to control plots. It has been concluded from the results that DT and INT2 incorporation in soil can enhance wheat crop yield and sustains soil life.
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