PJB-2022-16
HOST PREFERENCE OF BACTROCERA ZONATA AND BACTROCERA DORSALIS TO DIFFERENT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
muhammad ilyas
Abstract
Fruit fly species Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorslis are polyphagous insect pests attacking more than 50 fruits and vegetables worldwide. Current study was initiated to find the host preference of eight different fruits and vegetables including Malus domestica, Momordica charantia, Psidium guajava, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Citrus X sinensis. The experiments were conducted in lab conditions at 27± 10C temperature and relative humidity of 60±5 % with 6 replications and 8 treatments. A cage consisting of a large container (Release chamber) connected to 4 small plastic jars was made to keep the fruit flies connected to 4 different small jars where host fruits were kept. 25 pairs of fruit fly species were released in the main jar. Both species of fruit flies were counted for host preference on each fruit in separate release chamber. Among fruits it was found that higher numbers of fruit fly species B. dorsalis were attracted towards C. sinensis followed by S. lycopersicum, M. domestica, P. guajava, P. fistulosus, C. sativus, M. charantia and S. melongena. Maximum number of fruit fly species B. zonata settled on M. domestica followed by Praecitrullus fistulosus, P. guajava, C. sinensis, S. lycopersicum, S. melongena, M. charantia and C. sativus in host preference test. In second test based on repellency and oviposition deterrence was performed using Azadirachta indica and I. rugosus at three different concentrations against the B. zonata. In a free choice test, methanol was used for extraction from leaves of A. indica and I. rugosus. 1%, 2% and 3% concentration of the extracts were applied against B. zonata on four different hosts i.e. P. fistulosus, M. charantia, S. lycopersicum and C. sativus. It was observed that less number of fruit flies settled on P. fistulosus treated with 3% concentration of A. indica followed by S. lycopersicum, M. charantia, and C. sativus as compared to untreated control. Similar results were also obtained in I. rugosus treated hosts against B. zonata. Among the treated hosts, 3% of the I. rugosus treated hosts showed less number of the fruit fly species population. Highest ovipostion deterrence was observed in A. indica treated, S. lycopersicum with 3% concentration followed by M. charantia, on P. fistulosus and C. sativus. Similarly, in I. rugosus treated hosts, minimum number of oviposition was recorded on S. lycopersicum followed by M. charantia, C. sativus, P. fistulosus treated by 3% concentration of I. rugosus. It is concluded that 3% concentration of A. indica and I. rugosus may be applied against B. zonata for its effective managements in P. fistulosus, M. charantia, C. sativus and S. lycopersicum. Based on our findings, 3% of A. indica and I. rugosus is recommended for environmental safe management of B. zonata in M. charantia, C. sativus, S. lycopersicum and P. fistulosus.
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