PJB-2021-771
IN VITRO CALLUS AND EMBRYO INDUCTION IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.): EDIBLE TREE-NUT OF GREAT ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Bénédicte Sophie Adjoua Akakpo
Abstract
Abstract Cashew is a promising crop because of the various uses of its fruit. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on the mass production of embryogenic callus and embryos in order to optimise total plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis. Nucellar and zygotic embryos tissues from immature cashew and mature cotyledons were used as explants to induce embryogenesis. Basal medium used was composed by Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium modified to ¼ macroelements, 400 mg/l L-glutamine, 15% coconut water (CW) (v/v) with 3 or 6% sucrose solidified with 6g/l agar. Basal culture media were fortified with various concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) or Kinetin (Kin) alone or in combination with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), picloram (Pi) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Two different incubation period (6 and 12 weeks) were evaluated for callogenesis. Results indicated culture media and explants had significantly influenced embryo formation and maturation. The highest callus percentage (26.6%) was observed with nucellar explant on culture media containing, 0.5 mg/l BAP and 3% sucrose at 6 weeks. However, the maximum rate embryos formed (68.6%) and mature embryos (18.1%) were noted from cotyledon respectively with 4mg/l Pi and the combination of 0.1mg/l NAA+ 1 mg/l BAP. Callus from zygotic embryos did not produce embryos. Key words: Anacardium occidentale; elites’ genotype; embryogenesis; BAP; callus; picloram
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