PJB-2021-513
INCIDENCE OF TOMATO BACTERIAL SPOT IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF MALAKAND DIVISION, MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATHOGEN AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE DISEASE
Azaz Kabir
Abstract
The bacterial spot of tomato caused by Xanthomonas spp. has been proven to have a economic impact and causes qualitative and quantitative losses, with average fruit losses of 52 percent. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the incidence and specie identification of tomato bacterial spot pathogen (Xanthomonas spp.) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) in three districts of Malakand division and its management through different bactericides under field condition. During survey, maximum disease incidence was found in the district Swat (39.82%) while minimum disease incidence of bacterial spot was recorded in Malakand district (27.86%). On Nutrient Agar medium, the bacterium was isolated from affected fruit showing characteristic bacterial spot symptoms and produced yellow, smooth, flat glistening, shiny, round and convex colonies. DNA was extracted from pure culture of tomato bacterial spot through CTAB method. Based on molecular identification through PCR assay, the bacterium was identified as Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Malakand division by deploying four sets of primers (BS-XeR/F, BS-XvR/F, BS-XpR/F and BS-XgR/F). Xanthomonas perforans and Xanthomonas gardneri were not identified by their respective primers. Under field conditions, “Shine Up†was the most effective bactericide to significantly control bacterial spot disease with lowest mean disease incidence (26.70%) as compared to untreated control (69.30%). “Kasumin†was the second effective bactericide to control bacterial spot disease with mean disease incidence of (33.12%). In contrast “Cobox†was the least effective bactericide by exhibiting highest mean disease incidence of 49.60%. Percent efficacy of all the bactericides were calculated, Shine Up decreased the mean incidence by 61.47% while Cobox decreased the mean disease incidence by 28.30%. Bacterial spot disease is widely distributed in tomato growing areas of Malakand division, information on molecular identification and its chemical control will be helpful to manage bacterial spot disease.
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