PJB-2021-441
THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) ENRICHMENT ON RICE (Oryza sativa L.) PRODUCTION: A REVIEW
MOHAMMAD SADIQ SALIHI
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most important crops, and the primary source of calories for more than three billion people around the world, especially in Asia. Currently, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is 416 µmol mol-1 and increasing rapidly due to industrialization which is the main cause of global warming. Current climate change and increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere have varying global impacts on crop performance. Evidently, an increase in CO2 has been shown to improve rice productivity. As CO2 is one of the limiting factors in photosynthesis, any addition of this gas can increase carboxylation activity, hence increases productivity and yield. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) had significant impacts on C3 crop's productivity by increasing photosynthesis, biomass, and grain yield. Plants cultivated under eCO2 conditions demonstrated better development, and photosynthesis, lower transpiration, improve water efficiency, decreased inorganic nutrition concentration, increased plant hormone, and compact stomatal density than the plants grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2) conditions. This review discusses the effects of eCO2 on rice plant photosynthesis and growth. The review also describes that eCO2 increased yield components of rice plants. And finally, the current review emphasizes the grain quality of rice that was shown to be negatively affected by eCO2. The review paper aims to describe rice production under CO2 increases under climate changes in the future. The synthesis of all this information is helpful to the researchers, advisors of rice farmers, and policymakers to provide a favourable plan by using eCO2 to increase rice plant growth and yield and maintain grain quality through enrich free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system for the rice plant to produce enough, and high-quality food for the increasing population of the world.
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