PJB-2020-465
REVIEW ON STRATEGIES FOR CAPSICUM BREEDING UNDER POLY HOUSE CULTIVATION
A D ASHOK
Abstract
Capsicum is commonly known as sweet pepper or bell pepper, is the most important commercial and high value vegetable crop rich in Vitamin C mainly grown in Asia, Africa and South America and domesticated throughout the world. Greenhouse cultivation of capsicum is spread all over the world covering about 5-10 %. A breeding program involves several activities such as germplasm bank maintenance, evaluation of genetic diversity, selection of superior genotypes, progenitor’s selection, hybridization, and evaluation of segregating populations. The major objective is for very high productivity of quality produce during off seasons with minimum usage of pesticides. Capsicum has a tendency towards autogamy and even though it is hermaphroditic in nature, self-fertilization cannot be avoided to 100 percent. However, the major constraint of using these varieties for commercial cultivation is the high seed cost, because there is a lack of efficient and economic hybrid seed production technology. Male sterility can be used to minimize the hybrid seed cost, which is high because of research involved in selecting parents, testing progeny, assessing performance, maintaining different lines, etc., Exploitation of heterosis in bell pepper has attracted attention of vegetable breeders to meet the requirements of the increasing population. Bell pepper varieties have evolved from local land races to advanced hybrid development. Besides conventional breeding methods, molecular genetics, tissue culture, and genetic engineering are becoming increasingly important. Production of haploids/doubled haploids through anther culture. F1 plants, results in true breeding plants in less than one year. Markers help us to determine the location (map) of genes that control important traits. Greenhouse vegetable production, however, is a highly intensive enterprise requiring substantial labour and capital inputs. Because of this, potential growers should carefully consider with a holistic vision all the factors necessary for a successful enterprise.
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