PJB-2020-464
IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CHIR PINE REGENERATION IN JANDOOL VALLEY,DISTRICT DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Ikram Ul Haq
Abstract
In forestry, the term "regeneration" is usually limited to smaller trees, especially seedlings. However, in verbal form, this is a cyclical process, beginning with flowering, ending with the formation of adult trees, passing through fruits, seeds, seedlings, saplings and poles. The only mechanism through which forests are sustained since the beginning is silvi genesis (Forest establishment). Encouragement of natural regeneration for maintaining the proper structure and composition of forest required successful management of forests. However due to fast climatic changes and due to increase anthropogenic activities, the situation has become very complicated and difficult which hinders in getting regular and abundant regeneration every year. The study we conducted which showed that the elevation, slope aspect and stand density, have considerable effects on the seedlings overall measures. If we evaluate at the tables and statistical graphs prepared for each forest compartment, then we realized that all these factors had considerable impacts on the seedling numbers after the comparison of different forests overall. In study area natural regeneration of Chir pine decrease as we move from lower to higher elevation inside the closed area. This may be because the temperature decreases slowly and reaches the tolerance limit of the seedlings. The data collected for slope aspect showed that the natural regeneration of Chir pine was abundant on North Eastern aspect. Because majority of the species were shade bearer which required less sunlight for their growth and reproduction. The study also showed that the stand density have a little impact on the natural regeneration of Chir pine. Because inside the closure in Jandool forest division, numbers of individuals per hectare are high in the middle and low at low and high density crop. We also observed that where thinning and pruning practices were carried out in our study area of different compartments of Jandool forest division Dir Lower, The numbers of natural regeneration were comparatively high as compare to those compartments where thinning and pruning practices were not carried out. The study also showed that the numbers of natural regeneration of chir pine was abundant in forest closure as compare to those forest areas which were not closed for human interference and cattle’s tress passing.
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