PJB-2020-335
IMPACT OF ARABSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF ZEA MAYS UNDER PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
AMEL TAMMAM
Abstract
Association by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases the tolerance of plant to stress. The aim of this study is to determine the mitigation effect of local inoculum of AMF on the growth and metabolic changes of maize (Zea mays L.) under phosphorus deficiency in calcareous soil. Phosphorus stress reduced the physiological performance. However, The AMF mitigated negative effects by enhancing the dry weight significantly (P < 0.05), P content and alkaline phosphatase in soil amended with P concentrations (from 15 to 120 mg P kg-1 soil), compared with non-inoculated plant. The maximum H+-ATPase activity was 28.13 µmol Pi-1ngP-1min in leaves of Zea mays were recorded in inoculated soil and amended with 60 mg P kg-1soil. AMF enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase and ascorbic acid contents, with concurrent reduction of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide contents. The highest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization (88%) was recorded in maize grown in soil amended with 60 mg P kg-1 soil. Local AMF inoculum based on propagules presumably belonging to different genera of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae families.
Based on the morphological investigation, four native spores were closely related to genus Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. Analysis of the gene coding for the small subunit rRNA (SSU), sequences confirmed that spores of isolates were closely related to Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora spinose, respectively. These findings demonstrate that root colonization by local AMP inoculum was capable of ameliorating the phosphorus deficiency in calcareous soils such as Southwestern coast of Egypt ones.
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