11834 10.30848/PJB2023-3(15) <p> The impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment on rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) production: a review</p> Mohammad Sadiq Salihi, Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani and Mashitah Jusoh <p style="margin-left:.25in;"> Rice (<em>Oryza sativa </em>L<em>.</em>) is one of the world&#39;s most important crops and the primary source of calories for more than three billion people worldwide, especially in Asia. Currently, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration is 416 &micro;mol mol^-1 and increasing rapidly due to industrialization, which is the main cause of global warming. Current climate change and rising CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere have varying global impacts on crop performance. As CO₂ is one of the limiting factors in photosynthesis, adding this gas can increase carboxylation activity, hence increasing productivity and yield. Elevated CO₂(eCO₂) significantly impacted C₃ crops&#39; productivity by increasing photosynthesis, biomass, and grain yield. Plants cultivated under eCO₂ conditions demonstrated better development and photosynthesis, lower transpiration, improved water efficiency, decreased inorganic nutrition concentration, increased plant hormone, and compact stomatal density than the plants grown under ambient CO₂(aCO₂) conditions. This review discusses the effects of eCO₂on rice plant photosynthesis and growth. The review also describes that eCO₂increased yield components of rice plants. Finally, the current review emphasizes the grain quality of rice that was negatively affected by eCO₂. The review paper aims to describe rice production under CO₂ increases under climate changes in the future. The synthesis of all this information is helpful to the researchers, advisors of rice farmers, and policymakers to provide a favourable plan by using eCO₂ to increase rice plant growth and yield and maintain grain quality through enriching free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) system for the rice plant to produce enough, and high-quality food for the increasing population of the world.</p> <p> &nbsp;</p> Published 2023 55 3 1197 1204