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Abstract

This study aimed to document the urban flora of Al Ahsa Oasis and assess the impacts of traffic-related disturbance and human activities on floristic composition, species diversity, and vegetation patterns. Field surveys identified a total of 72 plant species belonging to 50 families, with Poaceae and Amaranthaceae emerging as the dominant families. The flora comprised both native and alien species, including notable weeds and invasives, indicating strong connectivity between urban, agricultural, and ruderal habitats. Community composition varied notably, as evidenced by indicator species analysis and multivariate classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (DCA). The study highlights the need for proactive conservation planning to protect less-disturbed habitats, monitor the spread of alien species, and implement targeted restoration using native xeric-adapted plants. Such measures align with national sustainability initiatives and are essential to preserve the unique biodiversity and ecological resilience of the Al Ahsa Oasis amid ongoing urban expansion.

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