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Abstract

Lichens are collections of symbiotic organisms that consist of a lichenized fungus and one or more allies with photosynthetic capabilities. Among these, Anamylopsora has gained attention for its unique ecological niche. In this study, the bioactive properties of A. pakistanica were explored using crude extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against various mammalian cell lines, including NIH3T3, MDCK, HEK-293, MCF-7, and A549. For n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts of A. pakistanica, MCF-7 cells exhibited IC50 values of 18.5 ± 0.1, 20.6 ± 0.2, 27.7 ± 0.1, 28.1 ± 0.1 (µg/mL), respectively, while for A549 measured IC50 values were 13.9 ± 0.1, 20.2 ± 0.2, 29.7 ± 0.2, 30.9 ± 0.2 (µg/mL), respectively. Antimicrobial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration) of the methanol extract of A. pakistanica against selected bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis) was shown to be 0.62 and 0.70 (µg/mL), respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of A. pakistanica against selected fungi (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. solani) was demonstrated by zones of inhibition of 19.2, 17.6, and 20.0 mm, respectively. The study demonstrated that secondary metabolites produced by A. pakistanica are bioactive and have potential therapeutic applications for treating certain human and plant diseases.

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