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Role of chitin and chitosan nanoparticles and their composites in phytoremediation of wastewater and their effects on growth parameters of Brassica campestris L.
Abstract
Industrial waste and sewage cause heavy metal contamination which negatively impacts on the soil and crop production. Nanoparticles derived by insects are a sustainable solution to reducing such stress. Chitin nanoparticles (ChNPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and chitosan/ZnO (Cs/ZnO) nanocomposites were prepared using the Acheta domesticus extract and analyzed using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Effects of nanoparticles (50, 100, 500 µL/mL) on B. campestris L. using 50 mg/L Pb as stress were determined in hydroponic experiments. Pb treatment decreased plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and secondary metabolites and nanoparticles and in particular Cs/ZnO nanocomposites caused a significant reduction of Pb toxicity, as well as an increase in physiological and biochemical functions. Such results confirm that insect-derived nanoparticles, especially Cs/ZnO, are useful in the heavy metals detoxification and nano-phytoremediation.
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