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Abstract

Cadmium's existence in the wastewater has become a serious issue for animal fodder and has led to severe public health issues. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain how much cadmium (Cd) has accumulated in Pakistani farmlands that are irrigated by wastewater and used as fodder for grazing animals. In the current study, several Cd pollution risk indices, including bio-accumulation factor, daily intake, and Cd load index, were estimated from soil and animal organs. The results revealed that site-III (wastewater irrigation) contains highest concentrations of Cd . The maximum load of Cd was recorded in site III by 18.89 mg/kg, where Medicago sativa was grown as a fodder crop. However, the lowest Cd contents were observed at site-I by 4.99 mg/kg, where Trifolium alexandrinum was grown as a fodder crop. The maximum Cd accumulation in Z. mays was recorded by 8.6 mg/ kg from site-III, while Trifolium alexandrinum uptake was 1.7 mg/ kg at site-I. Similarly, all indices PLI, EF, BCF, DIM, and HRI showed higher values than standard limits for all species. Key words: Sewage water, contamination, anthropogenic, Sample indices

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