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Abstract

This study assesses the ecological adaptation of populations of the relict endemic species Anabasis cretacea Pall under the conditions of chalk outcrops in the Aktobe Region. The assessment integrates analyses of the coenotic structure of plant communities, life-form spectra, ecological groups, and the physicochemical properties of soils across genetic horizons and sampling sites. Field studies conducted from June to August 2025 were based on analysis of community structure and plant life form according to the systems of C.Raunkiaer and I.Serebryakov. Population adaptation is ensured by the predominance of perennial herbaceous species, the dominance of hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes, and adaptation to xerophilic and mesoxerophilic conditions. A comprehensive assessment of Anabasis cretacea populations is presented for the first time for the chalk massifs of the Aktobe Region, considering both vegetation structure and soil chemical constraints. Soil analyses reveal low humus content and slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.8-7.9), which limit vertical migration of heavy metals in carbonate substrates and create specific conditions for calciphytic species. The results reveal natural mechanisms of population resilience under extreme environmental conditions and provide a scientific basis for monitoring and conservation of chalk plant communities in the study area.

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