PJB-2026-57
INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL FROM SELECT FRESHWATER ALGAL SPECIES
DR NADEEM ULLAH
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the strong potential of freshwater macroalgae Microspora floccosa and Cladophora glomerata as sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel production. Algal biomass collected from different sites in Narowal was dried, powdered, and subjected to solvent extraction using n-hexane, resulting in efficient recovery of crude lipid content. To promote an eco-friendly catalytic route, waste duck eggshells were converted into calcium oxide (CaO) through calcination at 600–700°C for 9 hours, producing a cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst. The extracted algal oil was then converted into biodiesel through transesterification, during which temperature, reaction time, and methanol-to-oil ratio were systematically optimized to maximize yield. The process yielded 64.8% biodiesel from Microspora floccosa and 68.3% from Cladophora glomerata, demonstrating the viability of these species as high-value bioenergy resources. Further characterization using GC–MS and FTIR confirmed the presence of methyl esters and functional groups indicative of high-quality biodiesel, validating the feasibility of algae-based biodiesel production using a low-cost, waste-derived CaO catalyst. Overall, the research highlights the integration of renewable algal biomass, green catalyst synthesis, and efficient transesterification as a promising route for sustainable biofuel development
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